Driver Assistance Features
VORAD VS-400 System
WARNING
The VORAD VS-400 system is an on-board radar system that monitors traffic conditions, warning the driver of potentially hazardous driving situations.
The collision warning system (CWS) tracks objects ahead of the vehicle, warning the driver with visual and audible indicators whenever following distances become unsafe.
SmartCruise® adjusts the vehicle's cruise speed in order to match the speed of traffic ahead, allowing the driver to maintain a safe following distance while cruise control is engaged.
The optional side object detection system warns of unsafe lane changes by detecting vehicles that may be difficult to see in adjacent lanes.
The VORAD VS-400 system performs in fog, rain, snow, dust, smoke, and darkness. The VS-400 system becomes active whenever the ignition key is switched to ON.
Driver Interface Unit
The driver interface unit (DIU) provides visual and audible alerts, along with system status information. The DIU also provides an interface for changing system settings. Menu selections are made by pressing the up and down arrow buttons, and the OK button. See Fig. 6.1 .
- 1. Fault Indicator
- 2. Info Indicator
- 3. Following Distance Lights
- 4. Ambient Light Sensor
- 5. Collision Alert Lights
- 6. User Interface Keypad
- 7. Graphic Display
Fig. 6.1, Driver Interface Unit (DIU)
The following warning and indicator lights illuminate on the DIU:
Red: illuminates with the collision alert
Yellow: illuminates with 3-, 2-, and 1-second following distance alerts
Orange: illuminates when a system failure occurs
Blue: illuminates when information is available
Immediately after the ignition switch is turned to ON, the DIU initializes a self-test routine. During the initialization, the VORAD screen displays and all lamps illuminate for approximately three seconds, along with a power-up tone. When the initialization is complete, the DIU displays the VS-400 system configuration screen. See Fig. 6.2 .
- A. Configured for CWS only
- B. Configured for CWS and SmartCruise
Fig. 6.2, System Configuration Screens
Menu Selections
IMPORTANT: The display of a menu item is overridden whenever conditions require an alert or collision warning to be displayed.
After initialization, the menu screen is displayed. Scroll to the desired menu item by pressing an arrow button, then press the OK button to select the item. See Fig. 6.3 . If the driver does not make a selection within 30 seconds, or the vehicle begins to move, the DIU reverts to the system status display.
Fig. 6.3, Menu Screen
The display of any menu item is overridden whenever conditions require an alert or collision warning to be displayed.
Demo (vehicle must be stationary)
When the vehicle is stationary and Demo mode is selected, the DIU will demonstrate the meaning of all LED and screen displays, including alert messages and sound warnings. Scroll through the demo screens by pressing the down arrow. Pressing any other key exits Demo mode.
Volume
The minimum adjustable volume is 50% of the maximum volume. If the DIU volume is not adjustable, the display screen shows a grayed bar graph whenever volume adjustment is selected. See Fig. 6.4 . After each ignition switch cycle, the volume will default back to 100%.
NOTE: Headway and collision alert tones may be suppressed when the brake is applied if the system is configured to do so.
- A. Adjustable Volume
- B. Non-Adjustable Volume
Fig. 6.4, Volume Screen
SmartCruise Headway Range
Headway range adjustment is only available with SmartCruise. Headway range is adjustable between 3.25 and 2.25 seconds. The headway range setting will default to 3.25 seconds after each ignition power cycle.
If headway range adjustment is disabled, only the 3.25 sec screen is displayed. See Fig. 6.5 for the various headway range screens. Press the OK button to exit the menu.
NOTE: If the headway range is adjusted to three seconds or below and SmartCruise is active, the 3-second collision warning headway alert will not display. All other alerts are not suppressed.
- A. Minimum headway adjustment
- B. Maximum headway adjustment
- C. Headway range disabled
Fig. 6.5, Headway Range Screen
Brightness
Use the up and down arrows to change the DIU backlight and warning LED brightness. Press the OK button to exit the brightness screen.
The ambient light sensor reading determines if the DIU is in daytime or nighttime mode. Menu-adjusted brightness is applied only to the mode the DIU is in at the time of adjustment. The previous brightness settings are repeated after each ignition cycle. However, the graphic display and the warning LED brightness range are constrained such that they are always visible regardless of how low the brightness is adjusted in all driving conditions. Press the OK button to exit the menu.
Unit Adjustment Screen
The unit adjustment screen allows the driver to select either km/h or mph units for display of SmartCruise set speed. Press OK to exit the mph selection screen.
System Status
System status shows the status of each system, indicating if the system is operating normally. If a system is not operating normally, the system displays Failed beside the system name. Failed indicates that a fault is preventing the system from operating and it cannot be used until the fault is corrected or acknowledged.
Depending on the VS-400 system installed, one of the screens shown in Fig. 6.6 will appear unless a system fault is active. Press OK to exit the system status menu.
- A. Status display for CWS and SmartCruise configuration
- B. Status display for CWS configuration
Fig. 6.6, System Status Screens
Diagnostics
The DIU displays fault codes currently active when this screen is selected and the vehicle is stationary. See Fig. 6.7 . Contact an authorized Freightliner service center if fault codes display.
Fig. 6.7, DIU Diagnostic Screen
Collision Warning System
The CWS may require a warm-up period of up to one minute if the outside air temperature is below 32°F (0°C). The DIU will display a warm-up message until the system reaches operating temperature. See Fig. 6.8 .
- A. CWS with SmartCruise
- B. CWS Only
Fig. 6.8, CWS Warm-Up Screens
The alerts given by the VS-400 system are based on the distance to the object ahead, whenever vehicle speed is 10 mph (16 km/h) or faster. The VS-400 CWS identifies and tracks the nearest object in the lane of travel. This object is classified by the range, and assigned a message described under the following headings.
Object Detected
When a vehicle is detected in the same lane of travel within 350 ft (107 m) but farther than a 3-second following distance, the DIU will display OBJECT DETECTED . See Fig. 6.9 .
Fig. 6.9, Object Detected Alert
3-Second Headway Alert
When a vehicle is detected to be within a 3-second following distance, a single yellow indicator will illuminate and the DIU will display 3 seconds . See Fig. 6.10 .
Fig. 6.10, 3-Second Alert
2-Second Headway Alert
When the following distance to the object ahead in the same lane of travel decreases to within two seconds, a second yellow indicator will illuminate, the DIU will display 2 seconds , and a single tone will sound. See Fig. 6.11 .
Fig. 6.11, 2-Second Alert
1-Second Headway Alert
When the following distance to the object ahead in the same lane of travel decreases to within one second, a third yellow indicator will illuminate, the DIU will display 1 sec , and two tones will sound. See Fig. 6.12 .
Fig. 6.12, 1-Second Alert
Collision Alert: ½-Second Headway
When the following distance to the object ahead in the same lane of travel decreases to 0.5 second, the red indicators all illuminate across of the DIU, the DIU will display COLLISION ALERT , and a tone will sound repeatedly. See Fig. 6.13 .
Fig. 6.13, Collision Alert
SmartCruise
When approaching slower moving traffic with the vehicle's cruise control engaged, SmartCruise adapts the engine cruise speed to that of the closest vehicle ahead, allowing the vehicle to maintain a safe following distance without disengaging the cruise control. The DIU will display the SmartCruise status screen indicating the vehicle's current set cruise speed.
Once the speed of traffic ahead increases beyond the adapted engine cruise speed, the original cruise control set speed re-engages.
When SmartCruise is engaged, depressing the accelerator pedal will override the SmartCruise and will cause the vehicle to accelerate. Depressing the brake or clutch pedals will deactivate SmartCruise.
When approaching a slow moving or stopped vehicle ahead, SmartCruise will attempt to maintain the minimum following distance by reducing the engine cruise speed and engaging the engine brake, if necessary. If SmartCruise is unable to maintain the minimum following distance, the driver will be alerted by the CWS headway alerts until the driver takes control or conditions clear.
Side Object Detection
The optional side object detection system may be installed on one or both sides of the vehicle. The radar sensor(s) are located on the side of the vehicle, while the sensor display unit is mounted on the A-pillar. See Fig. 6.14 .
- 1. Volume Adjust
- 2. Red LED–Object Detected
- 3. Ambient Light Sensor
- 4. Yellow–No Object Detected
Fig. 6.14, Side Sensor Display Unit
The side sensor display unit uses two lights to display the status of the side sensor(s). The yellow light indicates the system is active, but no objects are detected. The red light indicates that the side sensor detects an object. If the vehicles turn signal is active and the sensor detects an object alongside the vehicle, an audible warning tone will sound.
Special Road Situations
Certain road situations may affect the system's ability to detect objects. These situations include the effects of curves, dips, and hills which can provide an unexpected result.
NOTE: A warning may sound when an object is detected in front of the vehicle even though the driver intends to turn away or stop before reaching the object.
When an object is detected in a very sharp right- or left-hand turn, the audible alarm will not sound.
When approaching a curve, alarms may sound and lights illuminate, because of an object off the road directly in line with your vehicle. This will not occur when the brakes are applied.
When approaching a roadway descending to a lower elevation, elevated obstacles such as overpasses and overhead signs may be detected.
Vehicles cannot be detected on the other side of a hill. An alarm will not sound until the object is within the antenna assembly's field of view.
On approaching a steep hill, objects above the beam cannot be detected. Generally, the beam hitting the road surface does not cause an alarm.
The side sensor only detects objects within its field of view, next to the tractor. A vehicle behind the field of view will not be detected.
The side sensor range is set to detect average-sized vehicles 2 to 10 feet (0.5 to 3 meters) away in the adjacent lane.
The radar beam will detect near range cut-ins of approximately 30 feet (9 meters) or less, depending on the angle of entrance into the lane in front of your vehicle.
A continuous fixed object on the right side of the vehicle such as a guard rail, wall, tunnel, or bridge may cause the side sensor alert light to stay on.
WARNING
Maintenance
Keep the antenna and side sensor free of buildup of mud, dirt, ice, or other debris that might reduce the system's range.
Failure Display Mode/Fault Codes
The VS-400 performs internal diagnostics at power-up, then continuously monitors system components thereafter.
If a failure is detected, depending on what features are affected, the DIU displays a screen similar to Fig. 6.15 , blinks the orange fault light, and sounds a tone. Press the OK button to acknowledge the fault.
Fig. 6.15, VORAD Fault Display
After the fault has been acknowledged, the DIU will attempt to return to normal operations. The orange LED is continuously illuminated while the fault persists. If the fault disappears, the VS-400 transmits a message to indicate that the fault status has changed to a previously active fault.
In the event the CWS antenna becomes blocked while the vehicle is moving (e.g., snow, mud, ice, tampering, etc.), the system sounds a tone and displays the fault screen shown in Fig. 6.16 .
Contact an authorized Freightliner dealer to review and clear previously active fault codes.
Fig. 6.16, Antenna Blocked Display
OnGuard™ Collision Safety System
Meritor WABCO OnGuard is a forward-looking radar-based safety system. The system includes forward collision warning, adaptive cruise control (ACC), and collision mitigation.
OnGuard equipped vehicles have antilock brakes (ABS) and automatic traction control (ATC), and either roll stability control (RSC) or electronic stability control (ESC). These systems work together to enhance control of the vehicle. Depending on the situation, any of these features may apply throttle control, engine brakes, and/or service brakes, as needed.
The front-looking antenna assembly transmits radar signals to, and receives them back from, objects ahead of the vehicle. To be detected, vehicles must be within the radar field of view and provide a surface area that can reflect the radar. The distance, speed, and angle of the vehicle ahead is calculated, and the driver is warned of potentially dangerous situations. The system also warns of stationary objects to alert the driver of potential obstructions ahead in their lane.
WARNING
System Limitations
The OnGuard Collision Safety System may provide little or no warning of hazards such as pedestrians, animals, oncoming vehicles, or cross traffic.
OnGuard CMS only brakes for lead vehicles located directly in front of your vehicle, and does not operate when vehicle speed is less than 15 mph (25 km/h).
Due to these limitations, the system:
will not react and alert the operator to objects crossing in front of the vehicle or oncoming traffic;
should not be relied on to track lead vehicles when traveling through a severe curve in the road. Because of this, ACC is not recommended for use on winding roads;
will alert, but not actively brake, on stationary objects;
should not be relied upon to track smaller objects like motorcycles, mopeds, bicycles, or pedestrians;
should not be relied on to alert drivers to vehicles in an adjacent lane.
OnGuard Display Unit
The OnGuard system controls are located in the display unit. The display provides visual and audible warnings and messages, as well as verification of correct system operation and faults. Menu selections are made by pressing the up and down arrows, and the MODE button. See Fig. 6.17 and Fig. 6.18 .
Fig. 6.17, OnGuard Display Unit, First Generation
- 1. Mode
- 2. Day/Night Mode
- 3. Up
- 4. Down
Fig. 6.18, OnGuard Display Unit, Second Generation
The display unit includes:
an internal speaker
a graphic display
buttons to scroll and select options
day/night display mode (second-generation only)
Collision Warning System (CWS)
The CWS generates audible and visual alerts when the following distance may result in a collision. The OnGuard display unit shows a graphic of the condition, enhanced by a screen color relevant to the intensity of the situation. See Table 6.1 . If a potential rear-end collision is imminent, OnGuard's active braking automatically applies the engine and service brakes to slow the vehicle. The active braking application is intended only to provide early braking; the driver is still required to recognize and react to all driving situations.
|
OnGuard Display Screen Background Colors |
|
|---|---|
|
Screen Color |
Description |
|
Blue |
General operation; no lead vehicles detected. |
|
Green |
Lead vehicle detected. |
|
Yellow |
Following distance alert, accompanied by an audible alert. |
|
Red |
Collision warning, stationary object warning. Accompanied with audible alert. |
|
Amber |
Data Error |
Table 6.1, OnGuard Display Screen Background Colors
IMPORTANT: CMS and active braking are not operational at vehicle speeds below 15 mph (25 km/h).
The CWS cannot be disengaged or turned off, and is always active at vehicle speeds above 15 mph (25 km/h).
Standby
When no lead vehicle is detected, the display shows that the CMS is on and the radar is searching. See Fig. 6.19 .
Fig. 6.19, CMS Standby (blue)
A Vehicle is Detected
When a lead vehicle is detected in the lane ahead, the display shows that the CMS is on and the radar is tracking a lead vehicle at the speed shown. See Fig. 6.20 .
If the following distance between the vehicle and the lead vehicle is too close, the CMS will emit an audible alert and the display background will turn yellow. The alert will end when the vehicle speed drops below the lead vehicle speed and the following distance is increased.
Fig. 6.20, CMS Lead Vehicle Detected (green)
Collision Warning
When a lead vehicle is detected traveling slower than your vehicle, or the gap between them becomes too close, the CMS warns of an impending collision by emitting an urgent audible alert and displaying the collision warning symbol with a red background. See Fig. 6.21 .
Fig. 6.21, CMS Collision Warning (red)
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
ACC works in conjunction with conventional cruise control to maintain a minimum following distance when a lead vehicle is being tracked. The minimum following distance is maintained by automatically decelerating the vehicle using throttle, engine, and service brakes without driver intervention. When the lead vehicle is no longer being tracked, the set cruise control speed resumes automatically.
Standby
When no lead vehicle is detected, OnGuard ACC operates similarly to conventional cruise control. The cruise control set speed is shown on the OnGuard display unit. See Fig. 6.22 .
Fig. 6.22, ACC Standby (blue)
Lead Vehicle Detected
When a lead vehicle is detected in the lane ahead, the display shows that ACC is on and the radar is tracking it. See Fig. 6.23 .
Fig. 6.23, ACC Lead Vehicle Detected (green)
If the driver uses the accelerator pedal to override the cruise control and approach a vehicle too closely, the ACC will emit an audible alert and the display background will turn yellow. The alert will end when vehicle speed drops below the lead vehicle's speed and the following distance is increased.
NOTE: The following distance alert does not operate at speeds below 15 mph (25 km/h).
Collision Warning
If the lead vehicle is traveling slower than the driver's vehicle, the CMS warns of an impending collision by emitting an urgent audible alert and displaying the collision warning symbol with a red background. See Fig. 6.24 .
Fig. 6.24, ACC Collision Warning (red)
The braking control will activate and slow the vehicle. The driver must also initiate braking.
Error Screens
IMPORTANT: The OnGuard collision safety system is not operational when an error screen is displayed. If a fault occurs or OnGuard fails to properly track a vehicle, take the vehicle in for service as soon as possible. Standard cruise control will not function with an active OnGuard system fault.
If a system fault is detected, the OnGuard display unit will immediately display an error screen as shown in Fig. 6.25 . The first error code transmitted will be displayed first; additional faults (if any) can be viewed using the up or down buttons. The display does not show stored fault codes.
Fig. 6.25, OnGuard Error Screen (amber)
Refer to the OnGuard Collision Safety System Maintenance Manual MM-0951 for a full list of faults (www.meritorwabco.com).
Additional Features
Press the MODE button to access the OnGuard display unit additional features from the CMS or ACC main operating screen. Press the up and down arrows to scroll through each menu, then press the MODE button to select the value to be changed. In edit mode, press the up or down arrows to change a value setting, then press the MODE button to save the setting. Pressing MODE in each feature screen advances the display to the next feature.
The Display Control menu allows adjustment of the alarm volume, LCD brightness, LCD contrast, and U.S./metric unit conversion. See Fig. 6.26 .
Fig. 6.26, Display Control Menu
The component test menu provides verification of system component operation and acts as a valuable OnGuard system diagnostic tool. The header will display either COMPONENT TEST or ACC FUNCTION, depending on the software release version of the OnGuard system. The component test screen shown in Fig. 6.27 provides access to the following components (press the up or down arrows to scroll through the menu):
brake pedal position
Fig. 6.27, Component Test Menu
EBS brake switch
CCVS brake switch
clutch switch
park brake switch
accelerator pedal position
driveline engaged
cruise control enable
cruise control set speed switch
cruise control coast switch
cruise control resume switch
cruise control accelerate switch
cruise control pause switch
Detroit Assurance Radar
Detroit Assurance is a driver safety system on vehicles equipped with a Detroit engine and DT12 or a manual transmission. The system uses a bumper-mounted radar and an optional windshield-mounted camera to communicate information to the vehicles's brakes, engine, and transmission. The system can track forward-facing vehicles and objects up to 600 feet (200 meters), and will sound a warning and apply the brakes, if necessary.
Driver Message Center
The driver message center displays warnings and the status of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and/or Lane Departure Warning. Refer to "Adaptive Cruise Control" and "Lane Departure Warning" for more information.
To show distance, speed, and lane markings, scroll to the ACC menu using the + and – switches mounted in the right-hand pod of the steering wheel. Refer to Chapter 4 for more information on driver message center controls.
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
WARNING
Safety Information
Adaptive cruise control (ACC) may not detect narrow vehicles driving in front like motorcycles, or vehicles driving in a different lane.
In particular, be aware of the following situations:
cornering, entering, and exiting bends;
vehicles driving in a different lane;
vehicles changing lanes;
vehicles exiting the road;
overtaking;
winding stretches of road; and
obstacles and stationary vehicles.
Adaptive cruise control does not compensate for inattentive driving, weather, or traffic conditions. The adaptive cruise control is only an aid. The driver is responsible for maintaining a safe distance from the vehicle in front, maintaining a safe vehicle speed, and braking, and remaining in a lane.
If adaptive cruise control does not detect a vehicle driving in front, the system will accelerate to the set speed.
Overview
Fig. 6.28, Steering Wheel Cruise Control Switches
|
Steering Wheel Controls |
|
|---|---|
|
Description |
Function |
|
ON/OFF |
Turns adaptive cruise control on or off. |
|
DEC/SET |
Sets the cruise speed while the vehicle is traveling at the desired speed. Pressing and and holding decreases the set cruise speed. |
|
ACC/RES |
Resumes the set speed. Pressing and holding accelerates the set cruise speed. |
|
CNCL |
Cancels the set speed. |
Table 6.2, Steering Wheel Controls
When a vehicle in front is detected, the driver message center displays the speed of the detected vehicle and the distance to the detected vehicle. See Fig. 6.29 .
Fig. 6.29, Adaptive Cruise Control Screen
Functions and Activation Conditions
ACC controls speed, and the distance from a vehicle detected in front.
If there is no vehicle in front, ACC operates in the same way as cruise control when the vehicle is traveling above 10 mph (15 km/h).
If ACC detects a vehicle in front driving at a slower speed, the brakes are applied, the engine is derrated, the engine brakes are used, and the vehicle is slowed to maintain the minimum following distance. If the vehicle in front is no longer detected, the vehicle will accelerate to the set speed. The ACC will also slow the vehicle if it exceeds the set speed (on a downhill grade, for example).
ACC cannot be activated, or is automatically deactivated, if:
the vehicle is traveling slower than 10 mph (15 km/h);
the transmission is in neutral for more than 5 seconds;
reverse gear is selected;
ABS is deactivated;
there is a malfunction in the brake system or the electronic management system; or
the distance sensor initialization is not yet complete.
Activating Adaptive Cruise Control
Press the ON/OFF switch on the steering wheel to activate cruise control.
If the brake pedal is pressed, ACC is deactivated automatically.
Setting the Speed
Drive at the desired speed, then press the DEC/SET switch. Cruise control will be activated and the set speed stored.
If cruise control is deactivated, the stored speed can be activated again by pressing the ACC/RES switch. The driver message center will show the cruise control symbol and display the set speed. Cruise control will automatically brake or accelerate the vehicle to maintain the set speed.
Increasing or Reducing Speed
The speed setting can only be set by when driving.
Press DEC/SET to set the cruise speed while the vehicle is traveling at the desired speed. Press and hold to decrease the set cruise speed.
Setting the Distance to the Vehicle in Front
The optional headway switch can be used to set the distance to the vehicle in front. See Fig. 6.30 . The minimum distance for ACC can be set to 5 levels.
Fig. 6.30, Headway Switch
IMPORTANT: Make sure that the minimum distance is maintained to the vehicle in front required by law. Adjust the specified minimum distance to the vehicle in front if necessary.
Press + or – on the headway switch to increase or decrease the specified minimum distance. The driver message center will show the selected minimum distance. The setting will be stored automatically.
Collision Warnings
A warning appears in the driver message center and a double warning tone sounds in the event of a potential collision. See Fig. 6.31 . The event screen is displayed for as long as the hazardous situation persists.
Fig. 6.31, Collision Warning Event Screen
If a collision warning appears in the driver message center when the vehicle is in motion, pay attention to the traffic situation and reduce vehicle speed using the service brake. If the accelerator pedal is pressed, or a turn is indicated, the collision avoidance system is suppressed.
Overtaking
NOTE: It is possible to exceed the set speed when overtaking.
The set speed can be exceeded using the accelerator pedal. When the accelerator pedal is released, the set speed will be resumed.
Deactivating the System
Press the ON/OFF switch, or, press the brake pedal to deactivate cruise control.
NOTE: The speed remains stored when ACC is deactivated.
Active Brake Assist (ABA)
Safety Information
WARNING
IMPORTANT: Do not mount any attachments in front of the distance sensor. Do not paint or affix items over the distance sensor cover. If attachments are mounted in front of the distance sensor, such as a crash guard, they can impair the operation of the distance sensor.
ABA can minimize the risk of a front-end collision with a moving vehicle, a stationary vehicle, or a stationary object. If ABA detects the risk of a front-end collision, it issues an audible and visual warning. If the risk persists, ABA automatically initiates partial braking of the vehicle. If the driver does not react to the warnings and partial brake application, ABA automatically initiates a full brake application.
ABA may not detect narrow vehicles driving in front like motorcycles, or vehicles driving on a different line.
ABA does not automatically adapt to road and traffic conditions. Brake the vehicle using the service brake if:
an event window with the Warning symbol appears in the driver message center;
an intermittent warning tone sounds; or
an intermittent warning tone sounds and automatic partial braking was initiated.
If no visual and/or acoustic warning is issued in a critical situation:
ABA has not recognized the danger of the situation;
ABA is suppressed; or
ABA has failed.
ABA-triggered emergency braking can be deactivated if the driver presses the accelerator pedal beyond the pressure point (kickdown).
IMPORTANT: Adaptive cruise control may warn the driver before active brake assist if there is a risk of collision.
Activating/Deactivating Active Brake Assist
The ABA system cannot be turned off. However, ABA is suppressed when the driver:
uses the turn signal during an audible warning;
presses the brake pedal; or
rapidly depresses the accelerator.
If there is a system error, the indicator lamp will illuminate. See Fig. 6.32 .
Fig. 6.32, ABA Indicator Lamp
Collision Warning and Emergency Braking
If there is a risk of collision and ABA issues a warning, the radio and/or hands-free systems like Detroit Connect are automatically muted.
Preliminary (visual only) Warning : An alert appears in the driver message center. This phase may be skipped, depending on the criticality of the situation.
Visual/Audio Warning (ABA) : An alert appears in the driver message center, and an intermittent warning tone sounds from the ICU.
Partial Braking (ABA) : An alert appears in the driver message center, and an intermittent warning tone sounds from the ICU. In addition, ABA slows the vehicle with automatic partial braking. ABA brakes the vehicle with around 50% of the vehicle’s maximum braking power.
Emergency Braking (ABA) : If the driver does not react to the collision warnings or partial brake application, ABA automatically initiates emergency braking (full brake application). The warning message appears in the driver message center, and a continuous warning tone sounds from the ICU. The Emergency braking phase will not occur if the object being tracked is stationary.
CAUTION
The driver can interrupt emergency braking by pressing the accelerator pedal beyond the point of resistance (kickdown).
Driving Situations
See Table 6.3 for a description of adaptive cruise control and active brake assist limitations in specific driving conditions.
|
Active Brake Assist Limitations |
||
|---|---|---|
|
Condition |
Visual |
Description |
|
Cornering, entering and exiting bends |
 |
The ability of ABA and ACC to detect vehicles on bends is limited. ABA and ACC may unexpectedly issue warnings or brake the vehicle. ACC may also accelerate the vehicle unexpectedly. |
|
Driving in a different lane, and stationary vehicles |
 |
The ability of ABA and ACC to detect vehicles driving in a different lane, or stationary vehicles is limited. ABA and ACC may unexpectedly issue warnings or brake the vehicle. ACC may accelerate unexpectedly. |
|
Other vehicles changing lane |
 |
The ability of ABA and ACC to detect vehicles pulling into your lane is limited. The distance to the vehicle in front entering your lane may then be too short. ABA and ACC may unexpectedly issue warnings or brake the vehicle. ACC may also accelerate the vehicle unexpectedly. |
 |
The ability of ABA and ACC to detect vehicles pulling into your lane without maintaining a safe distance is limited. They do not detect vehicles until they are within the system's detection range. ACC may accelerate unexpectedly. Brake the vehicle. This will increase the distance to the vehicle in front. |
|
|
Vehicles turning off |
 |
The ability of ABA and ACC to detect vehicles turning off is limited. ABA and ACC may unexpectedly issue warnings or brake your vehicle. |
|
Overtaking |
 |
When passing, ABA and ACC may unexpectedly issue warnings or brake your vehicle if the vehicle is too close to the vehicle in front, and is in the same lane. |
|
Winding stretches of road |
 |
On winding stretches of road, ABA and ACC cannot detect which lane the vehicle in front is driving in. ABA and ACC may unexpectedly issue warnings or brake your vehicle. ACC may also accelerate the vehicle unexpectedly. |
|
Obstacles and stationary vehicles |
 |
ABA and ACC cannot detect obstacles or stationary vehicles in front of the detected vehicle. ABA and ACC may unexpectedly issue warnings or brake your vehicle. ACC may also accelerate the vehicle unexpectedly. |
|
Stationary objects |
 |
ABA can also unexpectedly issue warnings and brake the vehicle if it detects stationary objects like:
vehicles which have broken down
signs
bridges
|
Table 6.3, Active Brake Assist Limitations
Lane Departure Warning (LDW)
WARNING
Safety Notes
The system may be impaired or may not operate in the following situations:
when there is low visibility due to insufficient road illumination, or due to snow, rain, fog or heavy spray
when there is glare due to oncoming traffic, direct sunlight, or reflections from wet road surfaces
when the windshield in the area of the camera is dirty, misted up, damaged or covered by a sticker
when no lane markings or several varied lane markings are present, such as in a construction zone
when the lane markings are worn, dark or covered, for example by dirt or snow
when the distance from the vehicle in front is too small and this prevents the lane markings from being detected
when the lane markings change rapidly, when lanes branch off, or when they cross or merge
when lanes are very narrow or winding
when shade conditions on the road surface change greatly
The driver must adapt their driving style to current conditions. Lane departure warning cannot take the road and weather conditions into account, nor the prevailing traffic situation. The driver is responsible for the distance to the vehicle in front, for vehicle speed, braking in good time and remaining in lane.
Functions and Activation Conditions
Lane departure warning monitors the area in front of the vehicle with a camera that is on the top of the windshield. When lane departure warning is activated and it detects lane markings on the road surface, it warns the driver that they may be leaving the lane unintentionally.
Lane departure warning issues warnings if the speed is above approximately 37 mph (60 km/h).
When driving over lane markings unintentionally, the volume of audio equipment like the radio and/or hands-free systems is reduced, and a direction-related "rumble-strip noise" sounds from the left or right overhead speaker.
NOTE: The Detroit Assurance LDW system is designed to warn the driver as the vehicle crosses the outer boundary of the lane marking. This may differ from other LDW systems which issue a warning as the driver approaches the inside of the lane marking. If the system warns at, or just beyond the outer edge of the lane marking, the system is performing as designed. If the warning does not occur, or occurs after an excessive lane departure, the system may not be operating properly.
Lane departure warning does not issue a warning if:
the turn signals are switched on;
there is braking or acceleration; or
a driving safety system such as ABA, Stability Control, or ACC intervenes.
Lane departure warning will issue a warning if a turn signal has been switched on for more than 1 minute.
Activating or Deactivating
When the engine is turned on, LDW is automatically activated. Pressing the lane alert switch will deactivate LDW for a minimum of 15 minutes. See Fig. 6.33 .
Fig. 6.33, Lane Alert Switch
LDW is not active if:
the driver presses the lane alert switch; or
the system is searching for a lane.
If there is a system error, the LDW indicator lamp will illuminate. See Fig. 6.34 .
Fig. 6.34, LDW Indicator Lamp
Cleaning the Distance Sensor and the Camera
To avoid malfunctions, clean the cover of the distance sensor regularly.
Regularly clean the area of the windshield used by the camera to avoid incorrect lane detection.
If the area of the windshield is damaged, the function of the lane departure warning could be restricted. If this happens, the windshield must be replaced.
Make sure that the windshield is always kept clean and unobstructed in the area of the camera. The driver can switch on the windshield wiper to clean the windshield, for example, or remove snow and ice from the windshield.
OnLane™ Lane Departure Warning
WARNING
OnLane is a camera-based warning system that helps the driver avoid unintentional lane drifting. The system uses a camera mounted near the top center of the vehicle windshield, which calculates vehicle position within the lane. When the vehicle crosses lane markings without the turn signal being activated, OnLane sounds an audible warning (rumble strip noise).
OnLane is not active when the system is searching for a lane. If the system is searching for a lane, the Lane Alert telltale will illuminate. See Fig. 6.35 .
Fig. 6.35, Lane Alert Telltale
The Driver Alertness Warning (DAW) system provides a warning when weaving or erratic driving is detected within the driving lane.
System Startup
OnLane is activated when the vehicle ignition is turned on. Lane departure warnings are active only when the vehicle is traveling at 42 mph (68 kph) or above.
Intentional Lane Changes
The system identifies intentional lane changes by monitoring the turn signal, the brake switch, and vehicle speed. When a lane change is intentional, the assistance warnings are disabled. The following conditions will disable/enable the warnings:
If brake lights are ON, all warnings are disabled
If the Left Turn Signal is ON, left departure warnings are disabled
If the Right Turn Signal is ON, right departure warnings are disabled
If the vehicle’s speed is under 42 mph (68 kph), all warnings are disabled
If the hazard lights are ON, all warnings are enabled
Unintentional Lane Departure
The system constantly monitors and calculates vehicle position within the lane. In the event of an unintentional lane change, the system provides an audible warning (rumble strip noise). The audible warning will terminate once the vehicle is guided back into a lane.
Driver Alertness Warning (DAW)
The system detects erratic driving based on weaving behavior within the driving lane. OnLane computes a "Driver Alertness Index" based on driving performance, and alerts the driver when it falls below a certain threshold. DAW warns the driver by providing an intermittent warning tone when it detects erratic driving or weaving within the driving lane. The alert terminates when driving performance improves, or when the key is cycled.
Temporarily Disabling the System
When the ignition is turned on, OnLane is automatically activated. Pressing the OnLane dash switch will deactivate the system for 15 minutes. See Fig. 6.36 . Pressing the OnLane switch before the 15 minute deactivation interval is complete will enable the system.
Fig. 6.36, OnLane Dash Switch
Roll Stability System
The roll stability system may include the roll stability advisor (RSA) only, or it may also include the roll stability control (RSC).
A decal ( Fig. 6.37 ) on the auxiliary dash panel, and an amber-colored dash indicator light ( Fig. 6.38 ), indicate that the vehicle is equipped with roll stability system components.
Fig. 6.37, Roll Stability Decal
Fig. 6.38, Roll Stability Indicator Lamp
Roll Stability Advisor
IMPORTANT: This is not an advance warning system. The roll stability advisor displays a message only after the driving maneuver is completed.
The roll stability system uses a lateral-acceleration sensor that monitors rollover risk. Shortly after a curve, lane change, or other driving maneuver that results in a rollover-risk detection, a dash warning light illuminates, an audible tone sounds, and a driver advisory message is displayed in the driver message center. The purpose is to advise the driver that the previous maneuver produced a rollover risk.
The roll stability advisor displays different text messages depending on the severity of the risk of each occurrence of risky driving. From the highest risk level to the lowest risk level, the system will sound an audible alert, and display a message, as shown in Fig. 6.39 .
Fig. 6.39, Roll Stability and Hard-Braking Warnings
NOTE: The system will calculate and recommend a speed reduction value. It may be different than the values shown here.
Bring the vehicle to an authorized service facility if a system failure message is displayed.
Roll Stability Control
WARNING
The roll stability control system automatically reduces engine power, applies the engine brake, and/or applies the tractor and trailer brakes when the acceleration sensor detects that the vehicle is at risk of rolling over. The control can intervene even before an advisory message is displayed.
The dash indicator light illuminates whenever the roll stability control system intervenes.
Hard-Braking Advisor
The hard-braking advisor uses the information from the ABS wheel speed sensors to determine when braking is severe enough to produce lockup at one or more wheels on the tractor, and/or very rapid vehicle deceleration. Shortly after a hard-braking event occurs, an advisory message is displayed in the driver message center, indicating that the braking behavior was too aggressive for the current road surface conditions. This system is not a replacement for a driver's good judgment. Sometimes it is necessary to brake hard.
From the highest risk level to the lowest risk level, the system will sound an audible alert, and display a message, as shown in Fig. 6.39 .
Trip/Leg Totals
The driver message center records the number of messages received, and displays the number of messages as counts. Roll stability advisor (RSA) and hard-braking event data (HBED) counts can be viewed in the trip advisory screen, and the leg advisory screen.
Counts can be reset using the + key on the steering wheel. Clearing RSA and HBED leg counts will also reset the leg miles and leg hours. Clearing RSA and HBED trip counts will also reset trip miles, trip hours, leg miles, leg hours, and leg advisory counts. In addition, resetting leg miles will clear leg counts. Clearing trip miles will reset miles, hours, and counts in both the leg and trip screens.
The TRIP and LEG advisor screens count both the roll stability advisories (ROLL) and hard-braking events (BRK). For example, if during a TRIP, the driver message center recorded the events in Table 6.4 , the message center would display as shown in Fig. 6.40 .
- A. RSA lev. 3 Count (2)
- B. RSA lev. 2 Count (3)
- C. RSA lev. 1 Count (7)
- D. HBED lev. 3 Count (5)
- E. HBED lev. 2 Count (1)
- F. HBED lev. 1 Count (8)
Fig. 6.40, Trip Advisor Message Screen
|
RSA/HBED Count |
|
|---|---|
|
Message Received |
Message Counts |
|
RSA Level 3 |
2 |
|
RSA Level 2 |
3 |
|
RSA Level 1 |
7 |
|
HBED Level 3 |
5 |
|
HBED Level 2 |
1 |
|
HBED Level 1 |
8 |
Table 6.4, RSA/HBED Count
If the count reaches more than 9 occurrences an up-arrow symbol will appear, to indicate to the driver that the count has exceeded 9 counts. See Fig. 6.41 .
- A. RSA Lev. 1 has more than 9 counts.
Fig. 6.41, Trip Advisor Message Screen (more than 9 counts)
Enhanced Stability Control
WARNING
ESC offers the full capability of RSC (shown above) with the added capability of complete directional stability (yaw control) in oversteer and understeer conditions to reduce the likelihood of drift-out or jackknife. The system determines where the driver is attempting to steer the vehicle and how much brake demand is required in order to more precisely control the vehicle in an emergency situation.
ESC works by constantly comparing the driver’s intention with the vehicle's actual behavior. The system does this by monitoring systems such as wheel speed, steering angle, yaw rate, lateral acceleration, throttle position, and brake application. A central microcomputer analyzes the collected data and triggers a response to keep the vehicle on course when an unstable condition is detected.
When the system detects that the vehicle is at risk of oversteering or understeering, it applies individual tractor wheel end brakes and trailer brakes, activates the engine retarder (if equipped), and/or cuts engine power, depending on the severity. As a result, the driver has full control over the vehicle until the system detects a potential risk and intervenes accordingly. ESC operates automatically; the driver does not monitor or activate the system.
Detroit Connect Tablet
The Detroit Connect on-board tablet is an optional feature that tracks hours of service, posts driver alerts, documents pre- and post-trip vehicle inspections, and provides advanced navigation. See Fig. 6.42 .
Fig. 6.42, Detroit Connect Tablet
The tablet operates in conjunction with Virtual Technician to provide communication between drivers and fleet managers.
Refer to Zonar® user documentation for more information.