Rear Axles

Meritor™ Single Drive Axles with Traction Equalizer

Some Meritor single drive axles are equipped with a traction equalizer that is a load sensing, self-actuating feature. A traction equalizer provides normal differential action where traction is good. When one wheel begins to spin faster than the other, clutch plates in the differential housing automatically engage, delivering power to both wheels. There is no operator control with this feature.

A traction equalizer occasionally tends to slip in a jerking motion, producing irregular intervals of sharp noises. This generally occurs when the vehicle is operating at low speeds on fairly sharp turns. This condition is corrected by adding a friction modifier to the axle lubricant. This additive tends to reduce the static coefficient of friction to a value equal to, or lower than, the sliding coefficient.

See Group 35 of the Columbia® Maintenance Manual for additional information on friction modifiers and when to add them to axle lubricants.

Tire sizes on both rear wheels should be the same on axles equipped with a traction equalizer. If not, excessive wear may occur in the traction equalizer.

Meritor™ Drive Axles with Main Differential Lock

The Meritor main differential lock is a driver-controlled traction device operated from the vehicle cab. A switch allows the driver to lock or unlock the differential. An indicator light comes on when the differential lock is engaged. An optional buzzer can also be used to indicate differential lock engagement.

The main differential lock provides maximum traction under slippery conditions. When the differential lock is engaged, the clutch collar completely locks the differential case, gearing, and axle shafts together, maximizing traction of both wheels and protecting against spinout. Under normal traction conditions, do not engage the differential lock. Operate the axle with differential action between both wheels.

Be especially careful when driving under slippery conditions with the differential locked. Though forward traction is improved, the vehicle can still slip sideways, causing possible loss of vehicle control, personal injury, and property damage.

Meritor™ Main Differential Lock Operation

To lock the main differential and obtain maximum traction under slippery conditions, move the control switch to the lock position.

Lock the main differential only when the vehicle is standing still or moving less than 25 mph (40 km/h). Never lock the main differential when the vehicle is traveling down steep grades or when the wheels are slipping. This could damage the differential or lead to loss of vehicle control, causing personal injury and property damage.

NOTE: On some vehicles, the differential lock system is connected through the low speed range of the transmission. If this system is used, the transmission must be in the low speed range for the differential to fully lock.

If the vehicle is moving, maintain a constant vehicle speed while engaging the differential lock. Briefly let up on the accelerator to relieve torque on the gearing, allowing the differential to fully lock. The indicator light should come on and the buzzer should sound on vehicles so equipped. When the differential is fully locked, the turning radius will increase because the vehicle understeers. See Fig. 9.1 . Drive cautiously and do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h).

A. Turning Radius When Differential is Locked (engaged)—Understeer Condition
B. Turning Radius When Differential is Unlocked (disengaged)

Fig. 9.1, Turning Radius

To unlock the main differential, move the control switch to the unlock position. Briefly let up on the accelerator to relieve torque on the gearing, allowing the differential to fully unlock.

NOTE: If the differential lock system is connected through the low speed range of the transmission, shifting out of low speed range will also unlock the differential.

When the differential lock disengages, the indicator light will go off and the buzzer will stop.

Meritor™ Tandem Drive Axles with Interaxle Differential

Meritor tandem drive axles with an interaxle differential have a lockout feature. Differential lockout is controlled by a switch ( Fig. 9.2 ) on the control panel.

Fig. 9.2, Interaxle Differential Control

In the UNLOCK position, there is differential action between the two axles. The differential compensates for different wheel speeds and variations in tire size. Keep the interaxle differential unlocked for normal driving on roads where traction is good.

In the LOCK position, the interaxle differential is locked out and the driveshaft becomes a solid connection between the two axles. Power entering the forward axle is also transmitted straight through to the rear axle, so both axles turn together at the same speed. The LOCK position should be used when the vehicle encounters poor traction conditions; however, it also increases drivetrain and tire wear and should be used only when improved traction is required.

Meritor™ Interaxle Differential Lockout Operation

To lock the interaxle differential and achieve maximum pulling power when approaching slippery or poor road conditions, move the lockout control valve to LOCK while maintaining vehicle speed, before encountering the poor road conditions. Let up momentarily on the accelerator to engage the differential lock. Proceed over poor road conditions with caution. Do not wait until traction is lost and the tires are spinning before locking the interaxle differential.

Do not actuate the interaxle differential control valve while the tires are slipping. Do not operate the vehicle continuously with the interaxle differential locked during extended good road conditions. To do so could result in damage to the axle gearing and excessive tire wear.

To unlock the interaxle differential, move the lockout control valve to UNLOCK while maintaining vehicle speed, after leaving the poor road conditions. Let up momentarily on the accelerator to allow the shift, then resume driving at normal speed.

Dana Spicer® Axles with Controlled Traction Differential

The controlled traction differential system is a differential assembly designed to transfer torque from the slipping wheel to the one with traction.

A control valve ( Fig. 9.3 ) in the cab is actuated by the driver to engage and disengage the controlled traction feature.

Fig. 9.3, Traction Control Differential Control

Disengaged, the axle has differential action all the time. One wheel will spin independently of the other, if slippery conditions are encountered.

Engaged, wheel slippage and spinout are minimized.

NOTE: The controlled traction differential can be engaged at any speed, except when one wheel is spinning.

Dana Spicer® Interaxle Differential Lockout Operation

Interaxle differential lockout systems include a lockout control valve ( Fig. 9.2 ) located in the cab, and an air-operated shift unit mounted on the forward rear axle.

When the interaxle differential lockout control valve is in the LOCK position, the interaxle differential is locked out and the driveshaft becomes a solid connection between the two axles. Power entering the forward axle is also transmitted straight through to the rear axle, so both axles turn together at the same speed. The LOCK position should be used only when additional traction is needed.

Engage the lockout only when stopped or at slow speeds and never when the wheels are spinning. Do not operate the axles on dry pavement with the lockout engaged for prolonged periods. Use only when additional traction is needed under adverse road conditions. Disengage the interaxle differential lockout before shifting the axle to a higher range.

When the interaxle differential lockout control valve is in the UNLOCK position, the interaxle differential allows differential action between the axles thereby compensating for different wheel speeds and variations in tire size. Keep the interaxle differential lockout in the UNLOCK position for normal driving on roads where traction is good.