Diesel Exhaust Fluid and Tank, EPA10 and Newer Engines
Diesel Exhaust Fluid
Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) is used in the ATS to lower NOx in the exhaust stream. DEF is colorless and close to odorless (it may have a slightly pungent odor similar to ammonia). It is nontoxic, nonflammable, and biodegradable. It is mildly corrosive to aluminum, but does not affect the strength or structure of the aluminum.
White crystals may be noticeable around components that come into contact with DEF. The crystals are easily removed with water.
DEF consumption varies depending on ambient conditions and vehicle application.
Freezing Conditions
DEF freezes to slush at around 12°F (-11°C). It is not damaged or destroyed if frozen, and is fully usable when thawed. The DEF in the tank is allowed to freeze while a vehicle is non-operational. At start-up, normal operation of the vehicle is not inhibited if the DEF is frozen; an immersion heater with engine coolant flowing through it warms the DEF once the engine is running, allowing the SCR system to operate.
Pre-2013 DEF supply lines are electrically-heated and are purged when the engine is shut down; complete purging of the DEF lines requires approximately five minutes after the engine is shut down.
DEF supply lines with engine model year 2013 and newer are designed to survive freezing conditions while containing DEF, so purging is not required.
DEF Tank
Engines that are compliant with EPA10 and newer regulations are equipped with a DEF tank located forward of the ATS. See Fig.. The DEF tank has a 19 mm filler neck inlet that prevents the hose from a diesel outlet from being inserted, and has a blue cap for easy identification.
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ATS
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DEF Tank
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DEF Gauge (optional)
Fig. 1, DEF Tank With Optional DEF Gauge
The DEF tank has a 10-gallon capacity and will require filling a minimum of approximately every second diesel refuel. DEF consumption is approximately 2% of fuel consumption, dependent on vehicle operation. For every 50 gallons of diesel fuel consumed, approximately 1 gallon of DEF will be consumed.