Cold-Weather Operation
Satisfactory performance of a diesel engine operating in low ambient temperatures requires modification of the engine, surrounding equipment, operating practices, and maintenance procedures. The lower the temperature, the greater the amount of modification required. See the engine manufacturer's operation manual for service products approved for use in cold weather engine operation.
If satisfactory engine temperature is not maintained, maintenance costs will increase due to greater engine wear. If the engine coolant gets too cold, raw fuel will wash the lubricating oil off the cylinder walls and dilute the crankcase oil, causing all moving parts of the engine to suffer from poor lubrication.
If the engine is in good mechanical condition and the precautions necessary for cold-weather operation are taken, ordinary cold weather will not cause difficulty in starting or loss of efficiency.
The following points are important to observe when operating in cold weather.
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Check for cracks in the battery cases, for corrosion of the terminals, and for tightness of the cable clamps at the terminals.
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Charge the batteries to full capacity. Replace damaged batteries.
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If equipped, turn off the battery disconnect switch after the engine is shut down to prevent battery discharge.
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Have the alternator output checked at an authorized Freightliner dealer.
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Check the condition and tension of the drive belts.
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Refer to the engine manufacturer's operation manual for recommended heaters, low-viscosity lubricating oils, winter-grade fuels, and approved coolants. Coolant used must be compatible with the engine manufacturer’s coolant specifications. For Cummins approved lubricants and coolants, refer to the Cummins Online website at https://www.cummins.com/support/manuals or scan the QR code. See Fig.. For Detroit™ engine service literature, refer to the Detroit Diesel link on the DTNA TechLit website https://www.dtnatechlit.com/portal-public or scan the QR code. See Fig..
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Periodically check the coolant mix ratio (concentration of antifreeze in the coolant). Add more if necessary.
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At temperatures below -4°F (-20°C), a coolant preheater is recommended.